The Storytelling Club
By
Marilyn A. Kinsella with help from many referenced storytelling friends
Storytellers know a secret…children are natural storytellers! However, our education system seems to downplay the importance of storytelling and of letting our children’s voices be heard. How can we squeeze one more thing into the school day, when there are state standards to meet and state testing around the corner? One way is by forming a storytelling club. As with anything worth doing, it is worth doing well. Below are some ideas that others and I have gathered to help facilitate the concept of a “The Storytelling Club.”
I. Getting Started:
A. Permission from the Administration
- Run your ideas for forming a club past the teachers and administration well ahead of actually launching it with the kids.
- See ahead of time if there are any restrictions to what type of story you can tell. Some schools don’t allow any type of ghost or witch story and, on the other hand, they don’t allow any kind of religious-based story either. Just find out the rules. There are plenty of stories to choose from.
- If you want to visit classrooms, go to parent club meetings or to youth concerts outside your venue at the school, you will need to know the procedure to get permission slips and what your liability is. Ask, if it is possible, to have an overall “Application/Permission slip" to do outings, then send out reminders to the parents as the occasions arise. It would save a lot of gathering of signatures.
- See what kind of space is available for meeting. Try to get a place that is quiet in a room by itself. Chairs in a semi-circle work better than desks, but desks are doable. Be sure that is okay for you to move the chairs or desks around to provide different spaces for telling.
B. Decisions:
- How big? It is good to start small so you can get the kinks out and feel more in control. Six would be a good starting number, but an experienced teacher can manage around 15 students.
- How long? An hour or hour and one-half, once a week should be sufficient.
- You will need to decide how often the club wants to meet. Once a week is ideal. But, ahead of time, make sure that the time you choose does not continually conflict with another activity.
C. Before you meet with students:
- Set goals and objectives for what you hope to accomplish. Such as: Goal – Students will learn communications skills: Objective - Each child will learn to tell a how and why story and a tall tale or the group will tell for the parents’ club or Kindergarten room. If you are continuously meeting with the group throughout the year, you may want to set 6-8 week goals/objectives, and then move on to other goals to keep the club from getting too repetitious.
- How to attract students to join the club: If you are not a professional quality storyteller, see if the school will hire a teller for the school. Then, announce the formation of the club. The professional teller will inspire the students to become a teller. See if the school can attend a storytelling concert or festival to hear professional storytellers.
D. Supplies:
- Since computers are in most schools, find out if you have access to do research for stories on them.
- Some of the following items may be in a supply closet. See if you have access to pencils, paper, clipboard, chalkboard, flip board, name tags, etc. It comes in handy to have a cheap folder with each child’s name on it to hold stories and other material.
- Use the school library or get a library card and bring in folktale collections from the 398.2 section. See if you have access to a copier to run off short stories.
- A stopwatch may come in handy once the students need to time their stories.
II. Beginning Meeting
A. The First Meeting
- Introduce yourself and tell them why you want to start the club and what you want to accomplish. Maybe tell a humorous story about yourself to put them at ease. Let them know how you became interested in storytelling and what you do as a teller of tales. Tell them what you expect of them as a group – attendance, supporting each other, practicing at home…and have fun!
- Talk a little about what storytelling is, what the club hopes to accomplish, establish the rules (see below), and tell them the benefits of being able to tell (collaboration, making new friends, getting over stage fright, self-confidence, recognition and applause, etc.
- Go around the group and have them tell you about themselves – their family, what grade they are in, what subjects they like, their outside activities, what kind of stories they like, etc. You may need to coax them to open up or may need to limit the talk, if one becomes too chatty.
- Have a “Getting to Know You Activity” In Raising Voices there are a few listed with complete directions and ready-made handouts – Storytellers’ Bingo, Scavenger Hunt, Hello Bingo, etc.
- Decide on a good storytelling name
- Tell a good beginning story
B. Establishing Rules
Everything runs smoothly, if the students understand the rules of behavior. Elicit from the group the behaviors that are needed for good storytelling to take place –
- Good listening skills (keeping eye contact with the teller, sitting quietly, keeping expression appropriate to the story, not talking to others or making comments, applause, etc,) Write these behaviors on big sheets of paper and hang them around the room.
- Creating a “safe environment” where the students feel accepted for the talents they have and feel safe to try something different. Some will have to work harder than others to learn a story. There is a difference between criticism/compliment and a put-down. Respecting the teller (respond with positive comments and ask if they want “suggestions;” don’t discuss the story with others outside the club unless the teller gives permission)
- Listen to the moderator…let the students know that you are in charge and what the consequences will be if the rules are broken. Some tellers have a contract that the students sign agreeing to the above. Have a place where the unruly can go, if they continually break the rules. Also, let the class know your comfort range in telling a story. Older students may want to put something sexually explicit or meaningless violence or curse words, etc. For younger students this probably won’t even be an issue because you will be the one who ultimately okays the stories.
- Attendance: If someone continually misses the meetings, find out why. They must understand that, if they don’t come, they will not be chosen to perform the stories to other groups.
III. Meeting Structure
Students like structure whether they know it or not. Although the structure will vary according to the focus for the day, this is one way to line up a session.
- Set up a social time to talk or have a snack while you take attendance. Clean up the snacks and take a short restroom break.
- Set up a little ritual by having them sit down quietly, turning on a special light, reading a special poem or singing a little song.
- Outline what you would like to see accomplished at this meeting.
- Ask the group to relate any storytelling experiences they had that week.
- Tell a story (or have former club members come in to tell) Discuss with the group why the story was one that kept their attention. Discuss the characters and the structure of the story. Discuss the setting and the climax of the story.
- Do some warm-up theatre games. There are many books and websites: http://www.creativedrama.com/theatre.htm
http://www.dolphin.upenn.edu/stimulus/games.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/5291/games.html
7. Work on stories – story selection or telling stories in pairs, small groups or to the whole group (see below)
8. Feedback (see below)
9. Closing (see below)
IV. Choosing a Story to Tell
The best way to find a story is to listen to storytellers. Perhaps you know a storyteller who would come to your group on occasion. They may be working on a new story and need the opportunity to practice it. Listen to CDs or watch DVDs of storytellers who are telling stories that you think would be good for retelling. Some storytellers have audio and video on their websites. And, of course, you can read, read, read to find that story that pulls at you.
Look for the following traits when trying to select a story (from Storytelling Art and Technique by Baker)
- A single theme, clearly defined
- A well developed plot
- Style: vivid word pictures, pleasing sounds and rhythm
- Characterization
- Dramatic appeal
- Appropriateness to listeners
A. For really young children (first thru third), it will be easier to work on one story that they all will learn. Find a story that is repetitious such as “The Little Red Hen.” Tell the story to them. Take a big piece of poster paper and fold it into 8 squares. Ask them to tell you about the scenes in the story and draw the simple scenes in the squares. Using that piece of paper ask a few of them to tell you “about” the story. Do this again another week with another story such as “The Three Little Pigs”. Let the kids have their own piece of typing paper, fold it, and draw the pictures. Retell the story with the children doing the dialog as you narrate the story. As the kids become more adept, they will no longer need to draw the pictures. They will tell the stories on their own. As you go on…encourage others to tell the stories that you already learned.
B. For older students, have a variety of stories at their disposal – books, DVDs, CDs, computer sites, paper copies of stories. Give them enough time to read through a variety of stories to find the one they want to tell. This can take a long time, but remind the students that whatever they choose, they will be working with it for a long time. Discuss with the student why they like the story.
V. Telling the Story
The process of being able to tell takes a lot of beginning steps, listening to feedback, trying again and again until the story becomes smooth. It is not a quick process. It takes sometime days and weeks to get a story ready. Here are some ideas on how to proceed…
A. Learning the story
Some storytellers teach storytelling by using the six-step method: Raising Voices:
- Choose the story.
- Read it aloud.
- Create a storyboard or story map.
- Now, put the printed story away. Visualize the story – use all the senses while “seeing” the story. See the whole story through…don’t do just the beginning over an over. Try to get through the story each time.
- Tell in pairs, and then small groups, and then to the whole group. Give Feedback (see below)
- Prepare to tell in performance.
B. Giving Feedback
Encourage positive feedback from the group. Harsh criticism at this age can squelch a child’s natural storytelling. There are three main kinds of feedback
- Teacher evaluation: Tell them what worked…what you liked. Then, ask if they want some suggestions. Normally, you can do this in front of the group so everyone learns. However, if there is a major problem, try to do this privately, not in front of the others. Try avoid saying things like, “I didn’t like way you said how Jack said…” Instead, try this approach. “Tell me a little about Jack……Okay, Jack was very stubborn, right? Now, say that line again.”
- Self evaluation: Some questions the student can ask…What did I like about my performance? What do I need to work on for my next performance? How did the audience respond as a whole? What went over really well?
- Student Evaluations: Some things the students need to think about before they make comments…
Is my question about the story?
Are there parts of the story that I don’t understand?
What parts of the story did I really enjoy? Why?
Describe the stories strong or weak points.
Comment about basic speech techniques:
a. Dialog should make use of different voices for different characters and using the Storytelling "V" - where you will shift your facing (or posture) as the dialog switches from character to character.
b. Use your voice to create the atmosphere or tension as the story progresses. Project your voice whether whispering or speaking loudly
c. Use gestures and facial expressions add much to the visualization of the story. Be sure they are appropriate and natural. Practice them!
d. Pacing involves both the volume and rate at which you speak, and the progression of the action in the story. Dialog slows a story's pace down, while narrating action speeds it up.
e. Repetition and Exaggeration have always been basic elements of story telling.
f. Eye contact – look out at your audience making contact with their eyes, but avoid sweeping back and forth.
VI. Ending the Meeting
Come together in a circle and discuss what you did during the session. Reflect on what worked well or why something work as well as it should have. Discuss ways to improve for next time.
Closing: have a little ritual – read a poem or sing a song, thank group or individuals for their contributions, if time, tell another story, turn off any special lighting, put the chair back and clean up.
VII. References:
Take out some books on starting a storytelling club. You can find them at your library or order them from the library. Amazon and other book sites have some terrific deals. Here are some titles to get you started:
Useful Websites that I used to develop this paper
- Judy Sima – Co-author of Raising Voices http://www.judysima.com/author.html
- Kevin Cordi - Co-author of Raising Voices http://www.kevincordi.com/ And go to this website specifically for youth tellers http://www.youthstorytelling.com/
- Kendall Haven- Author of Super Simple Storytelling and many others - http://www.kendallhaven.com/
- Karen Chace - Useful student and teacher pages http://www.storybug.net/
- Beauty and Beast Storytellers – authors of Children Tell Stories and a website with ideas for activities to get children involved in storytelling http://www.beautyandthebeaststorytellers.com/
- National Youth Storytelling Showcase – find out how your students may qualify http://www.nationalyouthstorytellingshowcase.org/home/
- Lesson plans and story activities from Heather Forest http://www.storyarts.org/lessonplans/lessonideas/index.html
- Aaron Shepard’s website is full of stories and ideas – student friendly! http://www.storyarts.org/lessonplans/lessonideas/index.html
- Kids’ Storytelling Club – lots of useful info about stories for students http://www.storycraft.com/files/welcome.htm
Effective Storytelling A manual for beginners by Barry McWilliams http://www.eldrbarry.net/roos/eest.htm
VIII. Where to go from here:
A. Further education and storytelling information
- Mentorship: Setting up a one-to-one mentor with a professional storyteller. Check with individual storytellers for availability and prices. Here is a link for St. Louis tellers: http://www.stlouisgatewaystorytellers.org/finderindex.html
- Ensemble Story Teaching:Where Students Learn and Tell Together See - http://youthstorytelling.com/teaching.html
- YES – Special Interest Group (SIG) for youth and educators alike. http://www.yesalliance.com/
- National Storytelling Network – for storytellers but it has lots of info http://www.storynet.org/index.html
- St. Louis Gateway Storytellers – local guild with opportunities to tell
http://www.stlouisgatewaystorytellers.org/
- St. Louis Storytelling Festival – a city-wide festival with a youth concert
http://www.umsl.edu/divisions/conted/storyfes/
B. Opportunities to Tell
Besides telling for you club members, your students will want to continue telling stories. Here are some places for them to think about:
- Campfires – There’s nothing better to conjure up the night spirits than by telling a story. Imaginations go wild!
- Slumber parties – Be the hit of the party. Tell some urban legends. Turn off the light and put a flashlight up to your face and tell a short jump tale.
- Classroom telling – Telling to your pals in front of classroom can be daunting, but a good “how and why” story will add something extra to a unit on Native America. Go to the lower grades to share your stories.
- Public Libraries – See if the children’s librarian will work with you to provide space to tell to young children or to come in to tell a story for a particular story time.
- In the car – Going on a long trip and the DVD gets boring, spice it up by telling a story in the round, that is stop the story and pass the story on to the next person.
- Family Gatherings – Some families are really into letting their kids “show-off” in front of others. Be sure that the family takes the story time seriously to avoid hurt feelings.
- Babysitting – Gosh…you’ve got 4 hours with the same kids! What to do! Aha! Tell that story you’ve been working on. Try to add some participation to the story to keep them involved or have them put on a puppet show afterwards…you’ll be surprised how much those little ones can remember.
- Scouts – Many organizations either have a storytelling badge or storytelling is a requirement for another badge. Tell at meetings, Blue and Gold Banquets, campouts, and other activities.
- Nursing Homes and Senior Centers – You will need some experience here. You need a mic and to slow down for the seniors to understand you. Keep the stories short, but they will love you for coming and giving them some special time.
- See if there is a local storytelling guild in your area and see if they encourage youth to come to tell stories.
Youth Storytelling at storytelling concerts or competitions. I have not prepared students for these, but it's amazing what the next generation of storytelling is doing:
- To see a sample of judging competition guidelines see this Kentucky youth storytelling paper http://www.kystory.org/progs-and-activs/youth-forms-dir/Judging%20Guidelines%202008.pdf
- How to Host a Youth Storytelling Event
- National Youth Storytelling Showcase
- Youth Auditions at the Timpanogos Festival